说明：我是小白，这篇文章写给自己以后遇到同样的问题时用的，避免再到处找解决方法。虽然不懂具体原理，但是当时操作是可行的。省时间可直接到终章依次执行4条命令解决。

缘起：

在wsl1 Ubuntu 24.04.2终端运行sudo apt install httpie 报错：

Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: Invalid argument

具体报错内容如下：

Setting up polkitd (124-2ubuntu1.24.04.2) ...
Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: Invalid argument
dpkg: error processing package polkitd (--configure):
 installed polkitd package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of packagekit:
 packagekit depends on polkitd; however:
  Package polkitd is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package packagekit (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of packagekit-tools:
 packagekit-tools depends on packagekit (= 1.2.8-2ubuntu1.2); however:
  Package packagekit is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package packagekit-tools (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of software-properties-common:
 software-properties-common depends on packagekit; however:
  Package packagekit is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package software-properties-common (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-wsl:
 ubuntu-wsl depends on software-properties-comNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                        No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                  No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                                                                No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              mon; however:
  Package software-properties-common is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-wsl (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 polkitd
 packagekit
 packagekit-tools
 software-properties-common
 ubuntu-wsl
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

过程：

询问AI（需要给出运行的环境，我的是wsl1 Ubuntu 24.04.2，要不然AI再厉害也无法对症下药），给出出错原因（虽然不是很懂）：

WSL（尤其是 WSL1）对 Linux 的部分系统功能并不完全支持，像 polkitd 这样的系统服务需要对用户和权限做底层管理，但 WSL 没有完整实现这些机制，因此 polkitd 的 post-installation 脚本会失败。这个问题在 WSL2 也可能出现。

尝试AI给的解决方法：

1. 直接忽略 polkitd 错误，单独安装 httpie

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends httpie

2.如果只是想用 httpie，可以用 pip 安装

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-pip -y
pip3 install --user httpie

都不行

于是在csdn上搜到一哥们的解决方法：

解决Failed to take /etc/passwd lock：Invalid argument的一种方法-CSDN博客

一通命令下去还是不行

又搜到另一个哥们的解决方法，成功解决：

WSL 更新软件 Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: Invalid argument – 亡灵的实验室

cd /bin && mv -f systemd-sysusers{,.org} && ln -s echo systemd-sysusers && cd -

AI说这条命令的作用是：

• 这条命令把原有的 systemd-sysusers 程序备份为 systemd-sysusers.org。
• 然后让 systemd-sysusers 变成一个 echo 的软链接（假装 systemd-sysusers 存在，但其实它什么都不做，只输出参数）。
• 常用于“欺骗”某些安装脚本绕过 systemd 相关校验，或者在不支持 systemd 的环境（如 WSL、Docker 等）防止一些服务安装时报错。

终章：

4条命令结束战斗（在root用户下操作）

1. cd /bin && mv -f systemd-sysusers{,.org} && ln -s echo systemd-sysusers && cd -
2. apt install [你要安装的包]
3. apt --fix-broken install
4. apt install [你要安装的包]

完事之后检查是否安装成功：

 apt list --installed | grep [你要安装的包]

贴一个我当时运行的图片：

root@LAPTOP:/# cd /bin && mv -f systemd-sysusers{,.org} && ln -s echo systemd-sysusers && cd -
/
root@LAPTOP:/# apt install httpie
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
httpie is already the newest version (3.2.2-1).
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 systemd-sysv : Depends: systemd (= 255.4-1ubuntu8.6) but 255.4-1ubuntu8.8 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
root@LAPTOP:/# apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libdrm-intel1 libpciaccess0 libsensors-config libsensors5
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  systemd-sysv
The following packages will be upgraded:
  systemd-sysv
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 28 not upgraded.
6 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/11.9 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up systemd (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
basic.conf systemd-journal.conf systemd-network.conf
(Reading database ... 48008 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../systemd-sysv_255.4-1ubuntu8.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking systemd-sysv (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) over (255.4-1ubuntu8.6) ...
Setting up systemd-sysv (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
Setting up libnss-systemd:amd64 (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
Setting up systemd-timesyncd (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
systemd-timesync.conf
Setting up udev (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
debian-udev.conf
Setting up libpam-systemd:amd64 (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
Setting up systemd-resolved (255.4-1ubuntu8.8) ...
systemd-resolve.conf
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.14.10-4ubuntu4.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.4) ...
root@LAPTOP:/# apt install httpie
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
httpie is already the newest version (3.2.2-1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libdrm-intel1 libpciaccess0 libsensors-config libsensors5
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 28 not upgraded.